Secure NEAR Smart Contract Storage with Staking Protocol

NEAR blockchain storage uses a Borsh-serialized key STATE in a kv-store. The NEAR SDK’s #[near(contract_state)] macro defines a single storage layout with types like Vector requiring unique prefixes to avoid collisions. Storage staking locks NEAR tokens proportional to usage. Contracts must maintain balances to prevent DoS and griefing attacks. The Storage Management standard enables user deposits for storage costs.